private armies

Private Armies in Philippine Politics

We from northeren Mindanao condemned the horrendous massacre that happened in maguindanao. the country mourns for the death of those people brutally killed in the incident. we shared the same sentiments of those people who lost their love one's.

politics in the Philippines is getting worst as we move forward.............................

the government should disarm all the Private Armies in our country. because this is where the chaos starts.

CAFGUS should be abolished.

local PNP should be assigned to other places and replaced by a non-resident of the town. so that justice will be serve in every individual.


they forgot who to protect and who to served. because they are being held on the neck by those politicians who's nurturing them.

the AFP should be audited, for there are some men and women in uniform sell government armaments to those leftist and terrorist.

what makes a politician stayed in power is because of money and to rule the entire territory. maguindanao is one of the country's poorest town. as you can see from the videos on television, the house of those politician is as big as the provincial capitol then along on its side's are the house of their poor constituents.

is this the place we want to live in?

to stop this mentally derange lawless minded politician in our country vote wisely this coming 2010 election.

we must learn from our mistake in choosing our leader.

start to choose new candidates with new ideas for the betterment of the community.

god bless our country..........................

Mabuhay ang Pilpinas...

manny "pacman" pacquiao

the worlds greatest

"pound for pound"

boxer of his time

Manny "pacman" Pacquiao won his seventh title in seventh weight class division by knocking down Miguel Cotto twice. the match that went into the 12th round was completely dominated by pacman.

but what was this issue about a third party?

can Manny "pacman" Pacquiao handled it in 12th rounds?

or he's marriage to madame Jinkee Pacquiao might have a knockdown?

or this is just a gimmick for their upcoming movie Wapakman?

recently there was a rumor that peoples champ Manny Pacquiao has an alleged love affair with sexy young star Krista Ranillo.

veteran actress and director Gina Alajar was evasive when sought for comments on the alleged affair. Gina Alajar was dragged to this issue after she posted a controversial shout out in her facebook wrote: " if i were Jinkee Pacquiao, i would not give up Manny. Krista Ranillo is not at all worth it".

well for the best pound for pound boxer, he rather sealed his lips to this issue...............

but one thing for sure, like mommy Dionisia commented on TV to Jinkee in an interview. said: "Dont get jealous in any controversy about Manny to other women, your the wife and your the one who's handling all the titles".

though, this might be the fall of the greatest legendary boxer............. why???

if this is just another showbiz gimmick for the up coming movie of Manny Pacquiao and leading lady Krista Ranillo in title Wapakman, his doing a deceitful act to gain viewers on the said movie, and perhaps God might take back what he has right now. fame, fortune and most specially his amulet might vanished.

and perhaps on his next fight he will be defeated by Floyd Mayweather jr.

for Manny, you have shown God's grace.

bare in mind the temptation of the dark side that will bring you down.

• women
• gambling
• cheating
• deceit

for Manny, God give you a great skill and power and it comes with great responsibilities. set an example to everybody specially to your kids.

you made the Filipino proud and you put the 3 stars in the sun shine once more

everybody knows you came from a broken family. prove and show to the world that your family is in tact and your faith will prevail.

God bless you and your family, God bless our country..........................................................

Mabuhay ang Pilipinas..........................

journey "faithfully"

"For my wife"

Highway run,
Into the midnight sun,
Wheels go 'round and 'round,
You're on my mind,
Restless hearts,
Sleep alone tonight,
Sendin' all my loveAlong the wire,
They say that the road,
Ain't no place to start a family,
Right down the line,
It's been you and me,
Lovin' a music man,
Ain't all it's supposed to be,
Oh girl, you stand by meI'm forever yours,
Faithfully,
Circus life,
Under the big top world,
We all need the clowns,
To make us smile,
Through space and time,
Always another show,
Wondering where I am,
Lost without you,
And being apart ain't easy,
On this love affair,
Two strangers learn,
To fall in love again,
I get the joy,
Of rediscovering you,
Oh girl, you stand by me,
I'm forever yours,
Faithfully.......

I dedicate this song to my lovely wife SHAN.

wolfgang "natutulog kong mundo"

"My Song"

At naglaho ang liwanag sa dilim,

Walang ingay ngunit nakakabingi,

Bote ng alak na hindi nabuksan,

Mga sigarilyong ubos na ang apoy,

Kaibigan saan ka na ngayon,

Ako'y naghihintay rito,

Sa pagdating ninyo,

Kaibigan ilang oras ang lumipas na,

At wala pa ang anino ninyo lamang,

Kaibigang tunay ka ba,

Wala na ba ngayon ang samahan natin,

Wala na bang kwento ang tahimik naman dito,

Tumatawag walang sumasagot,

Nagsisisi,

May kasalanan ba ako,

Habang ikaw ay nandito,

Kaibigan...

Tulungan n'yo ako upang,

Magising ang,

Natutulog kong mundo,

kailan magigising ang natutulog kong mundo...............

cranberries "ode to my family"

"poem to my family"

Understand the things I say,
don't turn away from me,
Cause I spent half my life out there,
You wouldn't disagree,
D'you see me, d'you see,
Do you like me, do you like me standing there,
d'you notice, d'you notice,
do you see me, do you see medoes anyone care?
Unhappiness was when I was young,
And we didn't give a damn,
'Cause we were raised,
To see life as fun and take it if we can,
My mother, my mother she hold me,
did she hold me, when I was out there,
My father, my father, he liked me,
Oh he lied me, does anyone care?
Understand what I've become,
It wasn't my desire,
And people everywhere think,
something better than I am,
But I miss you, I miss,
'Cause I liked it, 'Cause I liked it,
When I was out there,
d'you know this, d'you know,
You did not find me, you did not find,
does anyone care?
Unhappiness was when I was young,
and we didn't give a damn,
'Cause we were raised,
To see life as fun and take it if we can,
My mother, my mother she hold me,
did she hold me, when I was out there,
My father, my father, he lied me,
Damn he lied me, does anyone care?
does anyone care?

I dedicate this song to my wife, my son, and daughter.

radiohead "creep"

"a Song for my wife"

When you were here before,

Couldn't look you in the eye,

You're just like an angel,

Your skin makes me cry,

You float like a feather,

In a beautiful world,

I wish I was special,

You're so very special,

But I'm a creep,

I'm a weirdo,

What the hell am I doing here?

I don't belong here,

I don't care if it hurts,

I want to have control,

I want a perfect body,

I want a perfect soul,

I want you to notice,

when I'm not around,

You're so very special,

I wish I was special,

But I'm a creep,

I'm a weirdo,

What the hell I'm doing here?

I don't belong here,

She's running out again,

She's running out

She runs runs runs,

Whatever makes you happy,

Whatever you want

You're so very special

I wish I was special

But I'm a creep

I'm a weirdo

What the hell am I doing here?

I don't belong here,

I don't belong here.

I dedicate this song to my wife.......... CREEP by Radiohead..............

God

"a letter to God"

was there a God? who am i to ask this question, im just an ordinary human being... but in this kind of situation im facing right now, sometimes we ask our self. was there really a god? i had a rough and tumble life, but not miserable in a sense. its just that i have things i cant decide which way to go. all the knowledge i have and the skills are stuck. and i feel, so empty. i'm 35years old but i have'nt achieved any. i was left behind by my classmates and friends. it sounds envious, but i envy no one. all i want is a good life for my family. i think i am a good man, a good friend, a good husband, a good father.

i have a beautiful family, they bring me joy each day i woke up. but i cant provide what is due for them. i dont have a stable job, i rely on my rackets sometimes none. good thing i have a sister who atleast financially support me and my family, without her, i am gone.

perhaps i will lose my sanity or to the extent end my life, but i think of my family. who will take care of them when i am gone, but if i am here i cant take care what is for them..............

the truth is i need a job, or a business, just to have money to support them....................

they say money is the source of all evil. but how can we live without money????

perhaps if it is illegal that will be evil....................................

my prayer:

God i praise your name... please takecare of my family in any harm, in any sickness.........please give me wisdom and courage to face this trials. reach me with your hand, touch me my lord and guide me always.

God i know you listen and i know your a loving god, thats why you gave your son to save the sins of the world. its just that i cant wait, god. i surrender my lord. take my wheel, i give it to you.......sorry if i question your authority. my lord i love you and i know you love me. help me my God.

your son,

rc

chiz escudero

say chiz...

i just read from yahoo news that senator chiz escudero resigned from his party NPC founded by his friend and business tycoon Danding Cojuangco, Jr.. is it really true or a diversion tactic to gain sympathy from voters?

well for me it was very brave to face challenges alone without the machinery of a party to back him up. though, i still salute the young senator for doing such great move. i hope the Visayans and mindanao should unite, to have a president from the visayas for us not to be left behind by the imperial manila. from Marcos of ilocos, Aquino of tarlac, Ramos of pangasinan, Erap of san juan metro manila lastly arroyo of pampanga.

perhaps senator chiz doesn't want to be under the dark shadow of danding cojuangco nor other parties. he doesnt want to be manipulated under his watch if ever he became the president of the republic.

nevertheless we have 3 presidentiables running in 2010 elections with most likely close to danding cojuangco. senator chiz, senator noynoy and defense secretary gibo are both nephews of Cojuangco..

i hope senator chiz is true when he was making that decision. i think it is better to run alone than to be use by your party mates in order to achieve their own self interest. but you are a fool doing so, without a back up.

well i guess its up to the people now who to vote this 2010 election. be keen in selecting the next president of the country.

choose a candidate with no debt of gratitude to any self interested politician, businessman and even the Trapo's to pay back once he win the presidency.

choose a candidate with a debt of gratitude to the majority, The Filipino People...

god bless our mother Philippines..................

innermotion disco

InnerMotion Disco

WE WOULD LIKE TO INVITE EVERYBODY TO JOIN THE FUN

@

INNERMOTION DISCO

EVERY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

&

SATURDAY

@

9:00pm

INNEREMOTION DISCO

ROCKTOBER FEST CELEBRATION

ON

OCTOBER 31,2009
@

9:00pm

with guest band performing live

together with inhouse dj's

TICKETS ARE AVAILABALE AT THE GATE...

for only (100 pesos) drink all you can SMB pale pilsen

dont miss the excitement and party gimmicks to be given away.

Yawsa

Sayaw

cinema movies

I've seen it already...

Miguel: "you know, Joel, i saw my bestfriend Gary, with my girlfriend yesterday, entering a moviehouse."

Joel: "Really?"

Miguel: "Yes, they were holding hands."

Joel: "Is that so? Well, surely you followed them. am i right?"

Miguel: "Well as a matter of fact, I didn't."

Joel: "But, why?"

Miguel: "Because i already watched that movie they were about to watch!"

homesick

Just a little bit homesick...

Miguel, a Filipino tourist in the USA went to a hostel,

gave $100usd to the one in-charge and asked for their worst girl available.

"But Sir," said the man, "for that amount, you could have our best?"

"Hey listen you?", Miguel stopped him.

"I'm not Horny, I'm just Homesick!"...

tv channel

What Channel?

Korina Sanchez a TV broadcaster spends a lot of her time on his field of work.

One day she walks in the house of her future husband Sen. Mar Roxas.

then, the security aide yells excitedly,

"Mr. Senator, here's Madame Korina!"

"Good" said Senator Mar.

"On what Channel?"

detective's report

Private Eye

Man took a taxi,

Wife took a taxi,

I followed them.

Man entered the room,

Wife entered the room.

I climb up tree.

He finished she,

She finished he.

I finished me,

I fall from the tree.

Pervert...

sign

Janitors Room

A sign in my high school janitor room read like this:

knocked and you will be opened.

open and you will be knocked.

call of nature

Men's Room

In your hands you hold the future... dont beat it to death. be gentle.........

ZSNHS melengas dance ensemble

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS

in cooperation with

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR & ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

present

ZSNHS MELENGAS DANCE ENSEMBLE

in

"YAMAN NG LAHI"

A Showcase of Philippine Folkdances

was held last September 18, 2009 @ ZSHNS Gymnasium, Sta. Maria District, Pagadian City. it so happened that, we are the one who setup the sounds and lights for the said show powered by innermotion disco sounds and lights. i am amazed with the students of ZSHNS for their energetic efforts in promoting Culture and the Arts. Kudos to those kids!!! its not just my first time to watch this kind of show in pagadian city, everytime they have a show its wonderful to watch.

the preparation was so cool and extravagant. though, quite hot that noontime while we had our setup. but its worth it, once you finally watch the show of this great kids performing on stage like a professional theatrical stage artist. the Provincial Government was so supportive, i can see that because everytime i go to pagadian there is something new. Kudos to GOV. CERILLES......

well, there will be no show without the man behind the show. the ZSHNS-MDE, Artistic Director the energetic ODYSSO D. OYALES. a very focused and intelligent person who created that such wonderful show.

kudos Direk................ more power and god bless................

here are some pictures:

Part 1: Buhay sa Dagat and Part 2: Buhay sa Bukid

i hope we had it also here in my hometown. but anyway keep it up guys...

god bless our country...

mabuhay ang pilipinas

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 190-198 bills of exchange general provisions

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

XVII. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 190. Short title. - This Act shall be known as the Negotiable Instruments Law.
Section 191. Definition and meaning of terms. - In this Act, unless the contract otherwise requires:
"Acceptance" means an acceptance completed by delivery or notification; "Action" includes counterclaim and set-off; "Bank" includes any person or association of persons carrying on the business of banking, whether incorporated or not; "Bearer" means the person in possession of a bill or note which is payable to bearer; "Bill" means bill of exchange, and "note" means negotiable promissory note; "Delivery" means transfer of possession, actual or constructive, from one person to another; "Holder" means the payee or indorsee of a bill or note who is in possession of it, or the bearer thereof; "Indorsement" means an indorsement completed by delivery; "Instrument" means negotiable instrument; "Issue" means the first delivery of the instrument, complete in form, to a person who takes it as a holder; "Person" includes a body of persons, whether incorporated or not; "Value" means valuable consideration; "Written" includes printed, and "writing" includes print.
Section 192. Persons primarily liable on instrument. - The person "primarily" liable on an instrument is the person who, by the terms of the instrument, is absolutely required to pay the same. All other parties are "secondarily" liable.
Section 193. Reasonable time, what constitutes. - In determining what is a "reasonable time" regard is to be had to the nature of the instrument, the usage of trade or business with respect to such instruments, and the facts of the particular case.
Section 194. Time, how computed; when last day falls on holiday. - Where the day, or the last day for doing any act herein required or permitted to be done falls on a Sunday or on a holiday, the act may be done on the next succeeding secular or business day.
Section 195. Application of Act. - The provisions of this Act do not apply to negotiable instruments made and delivered prior to the taking effect hereof.
Section 196. Cases not provided for in Act. - Any case not provided for in this Act shall be governed by the provisions of existing legislation or in default thereof, by the rules of the law merchant.
Section 197. Repeals. - All acts and laws and parts thereof inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed.
Section 198. Time when Act takes effect. - This Act shall take effect ninety days after its publication in the Official Gazette of the Philippine Islands shall have been completed.

Enacted: February 3, 1911

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 184-189 bills of exchange promissory notes and checks

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

XVI. PROMISSORY NOTES AND CHECKS:

Section 184. Promissory note, defined. - A negotiable promissory note within the meaning of this Act is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another, signed by the maker, engaging to pay on demand, or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to order or to bearer. Where a note is drawn to the maker's own order, it is not complete until indorsed by him.
Section 185. Check, defined. - A check is a bill of exchange drawn on a bank payable on demand. Except as herein otherwise provided, the provisions of this Act applicable to a bill of exchange payable on demand apply to a check.
Section 186. Within what time a check must be presented. - A check must be presented for payment within a reasonable time after its issue or the drawer will be discharged from liability thereon to the extent of the loss caused by the delay.
Section 187. Certification of check; effect of. - Where a check is certified by the bank on which it is drawn, the certification is equivalent to an acceptance.
Section 188. Effect where the holder of check procures it to be certified. - Where the holder of a check procures it to be accepted or certified, the drawer and all indorsers are discharged from liability thereon.
Section 189. When check operates as an assignment. - A check of itself does not operate as an assignment of any part of the funds to the credit of the drawer with the bank, and the bank is not liable to the holder unless and until it accepts or certifies the check.

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 178-183 bills of exchange bills in set

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

XV. BILLS IN SET:

Section 178. Bills in set constitute one bill. - Where a bill is drawn in a set, each part of the set being numbered and containing a reference to the other parts, the whole of the parts constitutes one bill.
Section 179. Right of holders where different parts are negotiated. - Where two or more parts of a set are negotiated to different holders in due course, the holder whose title first accrues is, as between such holders, the true owner of the bill. But nothing in this section affects the right of a person who, in due course, accepts or pays the parts first presented to him.
Section 180. Liability of holder who indorses two or more parts of a set to different persons. - Where the holder of a set indorses two or more parts to different persons he is liable on every such part, and every indorser subsequent to him is liable on the part he has himself indorsed, as if such parts were separate bills.
Section 181. Acceptance of bill drawn in sets. - The acceptance may be written on any part and it must be written on one part only. If the drawee accepts more than one part and such accepted parts negotiated to different holders in due course, he is liable on every such part as if it were a separate bill.
Section 182. Payment by acceptor of bills drawn in sets. - When the acceptor of a bill drawn in a set pays it without requiring the part bearing his acceptance to be delivered up to him, and the part at maturity is outstanding in the hands of a holder in due course, he is liable to the holder thereon.
Section 183. Effect of discharging one of a set. - Except as herein otherwise provided, where any one part of a bill drawn in a set is discharged by payment or otherwise, the whole bill is discharged.

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 171-177 bills of exchange payment for honor

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

XIV. PAYMENT FOR HONOR:

Section 171. Who may make payment for honor. - Where a bill has been protested for non-payment, any person may intervene and pay it supra protest for the honor of any person liable thereon or for the honor of the person for whose account it was drawn.
Section 172. Payment for honor; how made. - The payment for honor supra protest, in order to operate as such and not as a mere voluntary payment, must be attested by a notarial act of honor which may be appended to the protest or form an extension to it.
Section 173. Declaration before payment for honor. - The notarial act of honor must be founded on a declaration made by the payer for honor or by his agent in that behalf declaring his intention to pay the bill for honor and for whose honor he pays.
Section 174. Preference of parties offering to pay for honor. - Where two or more persons offer to pay a bill for the honor of different parties, the person whose payment will discharge most parties to the bill is to be given the preference.
Section 175. Effect on subsequent parties where bill is paid for honor. - Where a bill has been paid for honor, all parties subsequent to the party for whose honor it is paid are discharged but the payer for honor is subrogated for, and succeeds to, both the rights and duties of the holder as regards the party for whose honor he pays and all parties liable to the latter.
Section 176. Where holder refuses to receive payment supra protest. - Where the holder of a bill refuses to receive payment supra protest, he loses his right of recourse against any party who would have been discharged by such payment.
Section 177. Rights of payer for honor. - The payer for honor, on paying to the holder the amount of the bill and the notarial expenses incidental to its dishonor, is entitled to receive both the bill itself and the protest.

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 161-170 bills of exchange acceptance for honor

BILLS OF EXCHANGE


XIII. ACCEPTANCE FOR HONOR:


Section 161. When bill may be accepted for honor. - When a bill of exchange has been protested for dishonor by non-acceptance or protested for better security and is not overdue, any person not being a party already liable thereon may, with the consent of the holder, intervene and accept the bill supra protest for the honor of any party liable thereon or for the honor of the person for whose account the bill is drawn. The acceptance for honor may be for part only of the sum for which the bill is drawn; and where there has been an acceptance for honor for one party, there may be a further acceptance by a different person for the honor of another party.
Section 162. Acceptance for honor; how made. - An acceptance for honor supra protest must be in writing and indicate that it is an acceptance for honor and must be signed by the acceptor for honor.
Section 163. When deemed to be an acceptance for honor of the drawer. - Where an acceptance for honor does not expressly state for whose honor it is made, it is deemed to be an acceptance for the honor of the drawer.
Section 164. Liability of the acceptor for honor. - The acceptor for honor is liable to the holder and to all parties to the bill subsequent to the party for whose honor he has accepted.
Section 165. Agreement of acceptor for honor. - The acceptor for honor, by such acceptance, engages that he will, on due presentment, pay the bill according to the terms of his acceptance provided it shall not have been paid by the drawee and provided also that is shall have been duly presented for payment and protested for non-payment and notice of dishonor given to him. Section 166. Maturity of bill payable after sight; accepted for honor. - Where a bill payable after sight is accepted for honor, its maturity is calculated from the date of the noting for non-acceptance and not from the date of the acceptance for honor.
Section 167. Protest of bill accepted for honor, and so forth. - Where a dishonored bill has been accepted for honor supra protest or contains a referee in case of need, it must be protested for non-payment before it is presented for payment to the acceptor for honor or referee in case of need.
Section 168. Presentment for payment to acceptor for honor, how made. - Presentment for payment to the acceptor for honor must be made as follows:
(a) If it is to be presented in the place where the protest for non-payment was made, it must be presented not later than the day following its maturity. (b) If it is to be presented in some other place than the place where it was protested, then it must be forwarded within the time specified in Section one hundred and four.
Section 169. When delay in making presentment is excused. - The provisions of Section eighty-one apply where there is delay in making presentment to the acceptor for honor or referee in case of need.
Section 170. Dishonor of bill by acceptor for honor. - When the bill is dishonored by the acceptor for honor, it must be protested for non-payment by him.

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 152-160 bills of exchange protest

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

XII. PROTEST


Section 152. In what cases protest necessary. - Where a foreign bill appearing on its face to be such is dishonored by nonacceptance, it must be duly protested for nonacceptance, by nonacceptance is dishonored and where such a bill which has not previously been dishonored by nonpayment, it must be duly protested for nonpayment. If it is not so protested, the drawer and indorsers are discharged. Where a bill does not appear on its face to be a foreign bill, protest thereof in case of dishonor is unnecessary.
Section 153. Protest; how made. - The protest must be annexed to the bill or must contain a copy thereof, and must be under the hand and seal of the notary making it and must specify:
(a) The time and place of presentment; (b) The fact that presentment was made and the manner thereof; (c) The cause or reason for protesting the bill; (d) The demand made and the answer given, if any, or the fact that the drawee or acceptor could not be found.
Section 154. Protest, by whom made. - Protest may be made by:
(a) A notary public; or (b) By any respectable resident of the place where the bill is dishonored, in the presence of two or more credible witnesses.
Section 155. Protest; when to be made. - When a bill is protested, such protest must be made on the day of its dishonor unless delay is excused as herein provided. When a bill has been duly noted, the protest may be subsequently extended as of the date of the noting.
Section 156. Protest; where made. - A bill must be protested at the place where it is dishonored, except that when a bill drawn payable at the place of business or residence of some person other than the drawee has been dishonored by nonacceptance, it must be protested for non-payment at the place where it is expressed to be payable, and no further presentment for payment to, or demand on, the drawee is necessary.
Section 157. Protest both for non-acceptance and non-payment. - A bill which has been protested for non-acceptance may be subsequently protested for non-payment.
Section 158. Protest before maturity where acceptor insolvent. - Where the acceptor has been adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or has made an assignment for the benefit of creditors before the bill matures, the holder may cause the bill to be protested for better security against the drawer and indorsers.
Section 159. When protest dispensed with. - Protest is dispensed with by any circumstances which would dispense with notice of dishonor. Delay in noting or protesting is excused when delay is caused by circumstances beyond the control of the holder and not imputable to his default, misconduct, or negligence. When the cause of delay ceases to operate, the bill must be noted or protested with reasonable diligence.
Section 160. Protest where bill is lost and so forth. - When a bill is lost or destroyed or is wrongly detained from the person entitled to hold it, protest may be made on a copy or written particulars thereof.

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 143-151 bills of exchange presentment for acceptance

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

XI. PRESENTMENT FOR ACCEPTANCE:


Section 143. When presentment for acceptance must be made. - Presentment for acceptance must be made:
(a) Where the bill is payable after sight, or in any other case, where presentment for acceptance is necessary in order to fix the maturity of the instrument; or (b) Where the bill expressly stipulates that it shall be presented for acceptance; or (c) Where the bill is drawn payable elsewhere than at the residence or place of business of the drawee.
In no other case is presentment for acceptance necessary in order to render any party to the bill liable.
Section 144. When failure to present releases drawer and indorser. - Except as herein otherwise provided, the holder of a bill which is required by the next preceding section to be presented for acceptance must either present it for acceptance or negotiate it within a reasonable time. If he fails to do so, the drawer and all indorsers are discharged.
Section 145. Presentment; how made. - Presentment for acceptance must be made by or on behalf of the holder at a reasonable hour, on a business day and before the bill is overdue, to the drawee or some person authorized to accept or refuse acceptance on his behalf; and
(a) Where a bill is addressed to two or more drawees who are not partners, presentment must be made to them all unless one has authority to accept or refuse acceptance for all, in which case presentment may be made to him only; (b) Where the drawee is dead, presentment may be made to his personal representative; (c) Where the drawee has been adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or has made an assignment for the benefit of creditors, presentment may be made to him or to his trustee or assignee.
Section 146. On what days presentment may be made. - A bill may be presented for acceptance on any day on which negotiable instruments may be presented for payment under the provisions of Sections seventy-two and eighty-five of this Act. When Saturday is not otherwise a holiday, presentment for acceptance may be made before twelve o'clock noon on that day.
Section 147. Presentment where time is insufficient. - Where the holder of a bill drawn payable elsewhere than at the place of business or the residence of the drawee has no time, with the exercise of reasonable diligence, to present the bill for acceptance before presenting it for payment on the day that it falls due, the delay caused by presenting the bill for acceptance before presenting it for payment is excused and does not discharge the drawers and indorsers.
Section 148. Where presentment is excused. - Presentment for acceptance is excused and a bill may be treated as dishonored by non-acceptance in either of the following cases:
(a) Where the drawee is dead, or has absconded, or is a fictitious person or a person not having capacity to contract by bill. (b) Where, after the exercise of reasonable diligence, presentment can not be made. (c) Where, although presentment has been irregular, acceptance has been refused on some other ground.
Section 149. When dishonored by nonacceptance. - A bill is dishonored by non-acceptance:
(a) When it is duly presented for acceptance and such an acceptance as is prescribed by this Act is refused or can not be obtained; or (b) When presentment for acceptance is excused and the bill is not accepted.
Section 150. Duty of holder where bill not accepted. - Where a bill is duly presented for acceptance and is not accepted within the prescribed time, the person presenting it must treat the bill as dishonored by nonacceptance or he loses the right of recourse against the drawer and indorsers.
Section 151. Rights of holder where bill not accepted. - When a bill is dishonored by nonacceptance, an immediate right of recourse against the drawer and indorsers accrues to the holder and no presentment for payment is necessary.

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 132-142 bills of exchange acceptance

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

X. ACCEPTANCE:

Section 132. Acceptance; how made, by and so forth. - The acceptance of a bill is the signification by the drawee of his assent to the order of the drawer. The acceptance must be in writing and signed by the drawee. It must not express that the drawee will perform his promise by any other means than the payment of money.
Section 133. Holder entitled to acceptance on face of bill. - The holder of a bill presenting the same for acceptance may require that the acceptance be written on the bill, and, if such request is refused, may treat the bill as dishonored.
Section 134. Acceptance by separate instrument. - Where an acceptance is written on a paper other than the bill itself, it does not bind the acceptor except in favor of a person to whom it is shown and who, on the faith thereof, receives the bill for value.
Section 135. Promise to accept; when equivalent to acceptance. - An unconditional promise in writing to accept a bill before it is drawn is deemed an actual acceptance in favor of every person who, upon the faith thereof, receives the bill for value.
Section 136. Time allowed drawee to accept. - The drawee is allowed twenty-four hours after presentment in which to decide whether or not he will accept the bill; the acceptance, if given, dates as of the day of presentation.
Section 137. Liability of drawee returning or destroying bill. - Where a drawee to whom a bill is delivered for acceptance destroys the same, or refuses within twenty-four hours after such delivery or within such other period as the holder may allow, to return the bill accepted or non-accepted to the holder, he will be deemed to have accepted the same.
Section 138. Acceptance of incomplete bill. - A bill may be accepted before it has been signed by the drawer, or while otherwise incomplete, or when it is overdue, or after it has been dishonored by a previous refusal to accept, or by non payment. But when a bill payable after sight is dishonored by non-acceptance and the drawee subsequently accepts it, the holder, in the absence of any different agreement, is entitled to have the bill accepted as of the date of the first presentment.
Section 139. Kinds of acceptance. - An acceptance is either general or qualified. A general acceptance assents without qualification to the order of the drawer. A qualified acceptance in express terms varies the effect of the bill as drawn.
Section 140. What constitutes a general acceptance. - An acceptance to pay at a particular place is a general acceptance unless it expressly states that the bill is to be paid there only and not elsewhere.
Section 141. Qualified acceptance. - An acceptance is qualified which is:
(a) Conditional; that is to say, which makes payment by the acceptor dependent on the fulfillment of a condition therein stated; (b) Partial; that is to say, an acceptance to pay part only of the amount for which the bill is drawn; (c) Local; that is to say, an acceptance to pay only at a particular place; (d) Qualified as to time; (e) The acceptance of some, one or more of the drawees but not of all.
Section 142. Rights of parties as to qualified acceptance. - The holder may refuse to take a qualified acceptance and if he does not obtain an unqualified acceptance, he may treat the bill as dishonored by non-acceptance. Where a qualified acceptance is taken, the drawer and indorsers are discharged from liability on the bill unless they have expressly or impliedly authorized the holder to take a qualified acceptance, or subsequently assent thereto. When the drawer or an indorser receives notice of a qualified acceptance, he must, within a reasonable time, express his dissent to the holder or he will be deemed to have assented thereto.

francis magalona the undead artist

the man who introduced rap music in the Philippines knowned to many as "the mouth", "freeman", "Francis m".

why the mouth? because he has the skill of a DJ disc jockey and the first ever MTV VJ. he has also the knowledge of composing rap music, he give inspirational message to all filipino in every composition he made. he gave justice that Filipino can do rap as he sings and performed on stage.

why freeman? he was not just a music icon but also a nationalist, he loves his country so much. a patriot of its kind, he put in his music his love to his country, change in the system of the government for the betterment of Filipinos.

why Francis m? he has a happy family fulfilled with his ideas and dreams. an artist with great contribution on TV and music scene. an individual who wants to see his country united and strong once more.

i hope Francis dream of our country will be fulfilled and never failed.

god bless the Philippines...

evolution of man

a deep definition of its evolution.

what is a child - a child is a nine months deposits without interest.

what is a bachelor - he is a devil's Creation without a mother in-law.

what is marriage - it is an eternal imprisonment devoid of pardon and parole, or it is a public purpose with a private interest.

what is a married man - a man who lost his liberty in pursuit of happiness. why he lost his liberty? because he cannot enter into any contract without a marital consent.

what is a bra - it is a certain device wherein it makes mountain out of small hills.

what is a woman's belt - it is a 38 parallel that divides the north which is mountainous and the south which is thickly forested.

what is a panty - it is the greatest enemy of man because it covers the goal. in layman's term it is a piece of cloth which covers the area where the battle is fought.

what is love - love is of two people, above people, below people, inside the house, shaking house, making people.

got it?

god bless us all.

extravagant dinners (political or politicizing?)

The present administration in the Philippines is under fire for the lavish and extravagant dinners it had in America – one costing $15,000 and another $20,000 in New York. Inquirer columnist Conrado Quiros made a contrast with President Barack Obama and Vice-President Joe Biden last May as they were going from the White House to Virginia when they craved for a hamburger. they detour their motorcade and went to the first hamburger joint they saw, and that was Ray’s Hell Burger, a small independent hamburger joint. The two went to the counter and it was them who ordered, not their aides. they pay in cash that comes from their own pocket, and like other customers, the two lined up and wait for their turn.

i dont know why this issue was sensationalized here in the Philippines. come to think of it? if you are in America $15,000 or $20,000 was just a normal amount. but of course, if you convert that into Philippine currency that's over a million. ask people abroad migrated, ofw, or even a simple DH they dont convert they're money in peso because it will go you nuts in thinking the do's and dont's. dollar is nice if you spent that money here in the Philippines because of its value. but spending dollar in America? it is just ordinary.

why not try to invite barrack Obama here in the Philippines spending Philippine currency, not in dollar? he will even spent a lot in peso, for his aides and his complete entourage... then now ask yourself why do we focus on this preposterous issue?

com'on give our country a break. lets all sat down administration and opposition and have a very nice dinner and focus on the bright side for the betterment of our country...

instead of throwing bad issues that ruin the image of our motherland to one another, why not help each other in bringing our country and its people to the right path...

2010 is fast approaching. don't use others specially your brother just to be fame for the upcoming electoral seat. help each other in bringing our country's pride to show the world that we are not, as what they think a banana republic.

god bless the philippines...

The president and vice-president, having finally reached the register, calmly order lunch as frenzy grips the quaint establishment. Photograph: Roger L Wollenberg/EPA

Obama falls into a brief trance as his order arrives.

Vice-president Biden is also overcome by the sight of his meal. Photograph: Pool/Getty


After triumphantly conquering their burgers, the president and vice-president head out following their delicious meals. Reggie Love, Obama's personal aide, accompanies the pair as he carries a take-away order. Photograph: Charles Dharapak/AP

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 126-131 bills of exchange form and interpretation

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

IX. FORM AND INTERPRETATION

Section 126. Bill of exchange, defined. - A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to order or to bearer.
Section 127. Bill not an assignment of funds in hands of drawee. - A bill of itself does not operate as an assignment of the funds in the hands of the drawee available for the payment thereof, and the drawee is not liable on the bill unless and until he accepts the same.
Section 128. Bill addressed to more than one drawee. - A bill may be addressed to two or more drawees jointly, whether they are partners or not; but not to two or more drawees in the alternative or in succession.
Section 129. Inland and foreign bills of exchange. - An inland bill of exchange is a bill which is, or on its face purports to be, both drawn and payable within the Philippines. Any other bill is a foreign bill. Unless the contrary appears on the face of the bill, the holder may treat it as an inland bill.
Section 130. When bill may be treated as promissory note. - Where in a bill the drawer and drawee are the same person or where the drawee is a fictitious person or a person not having capacity to contract, the holder may treat the instrument at his option either as a bill of exchange or as a promissory note.
Section 131. Referee in case of need. - The drawer of a bill and any indorser may insert thereon the name of a person to whom the holder may resort in case of need; that is to say, in case the bill is dishonored by non-acceptance or non-payment. Such person is called a referee in case of need. It is in the option of the holder to resort to the referee in case of need or not as he may see fit.

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 119-125 discharge of negotiable instrument

VIII. DISCHARGE OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS

Section 119. Instrument; how discharged. - A negotiable instrument is discharged:
(a) By payment in due course by or on behalf of the principal debtor; (b) By payment in due course by the party accommodated, where the instrument is made or accepted for his accommodation; (c) By the intentional cancellation thereof by the holder; (d) By any other act which will discharge a simple contract for the payment of money; (e) When the principal debtor becomes the holder of the instrument at or after maturity in his own right.
Section 120. When persons secondarily liable on the instrument are discharged. - A person secondarily liable on the instrument is discharged:
(a) By any act which discharges the instrument; (b) By the intentional cancellation of his signature by the holder; (c) By the discharge of a prior party; (d) By a valid tender or payment made by a prior party; (e) By a release of the principal debtor unless the holder's right of recourse against the party secondarily liable is expressly reserved; (f) By any agreement binding upon the holder to extend the time of payment or to postpone the holder's right to enforce the instrument unless made with the assent of the party secondarily liable or unless the right of recourse against such party is expressly reserved.
Section 121. Right of party who discharges instrument. - Where the instrument is paid by a party secondarily liable thereon, it is not discharged; but the party so paying it is remitted to his former rights as regard all prior parties, and he may strike out his own and all subsequent indorsements and against negotiate the instrument, except:
(a) Where it is payable to the order of a third person and has been paid by the drawer; and (b) Where it was made or accepted for accommodation and has been paid by the party accommodated.
Section 122. Renunciation by holder. - The holder may expressly renounce his rights against any party to the instrument before, at, or after its maturity. An absolute and unconditional renunciation of his rights against the principal debtor made at or after the maturity of the instrument discharges the instrument. But a renunciation does not affect the rights of a holder in due course without notice. A renunciation must be in writing unless the instrument is delivered up to the person primarily liable thereon.
Section 123. Cancellation; unintentional; burden of proof. - A cancellation made unintentionally or under a mistake or without the authority of the holder, is inoperative but where an instrument or any signature thereon appears to have been cancelled, the burden of proof lies on the party who alleges that the cancellation was made unintentionally or under a mistake or without authority.
Section 124. Alteration of instrument; effect of. - Where a negotiable instrument is materially altered without the assent of all parties liable thereon, it is avoided, except as against a party who has himself made, authorized, or assented to the alteration and subsequent indorsers. But when an instrument has been materially altered and is in the hands of a holder in due course not a party to the alteration, he may enforce payment thereof according to its original tenor.
Section 125. What constitutes a material alteration. - Any alteration which changes:
(a) The date; (b) The sum payable, either for principal or interest; (c) The time or place of payment: (d) The number or the relations of the parties; (e) The medium or currency in which payment is to be made; (f) Or which adds a place of payment where no place of payment is specified, or any other change or addition which alters the effect of the instrument in any respect, is a material alteration.

mercantile/commercial law negotiable instrument section 89-118 notice of dishonor

VII. NOTICE OF DISHONOR

Section 89. To whom notice of dishonor must be given. - Except as herein otherwise provided, when a negotiable instrument has been dishonored by non-acceptance or non-payment, notice of dishonor must be given to the drawer and to each indorser, and any drawer or indorser to whom such notice is not given is discharged.
Section 90. By whom given. - The notice may be given by or on behalf of the holder, or by or on behalf of any party to the instrument who might be compelled to pay it to the holder, and who, upon taking it up, would have a right to reimbursement from the party to whom the notice is given.
Section 91. Notice given by agent. - Notice of dishonor may be given by any agent either in his own name or in the name of any party entitled to given notice, whether that party be his principal or not.
Section 92. Effect of notice on behalf of holder. - Where notice is given by or on behalf of the holder, it inures to the benefit of all subsequent holders and all prior parties who have a right of recourse against the party to whom it is given.
Section 93. Effect where notice is given by party entitled thereto. - Where notice is given by or on behalf of a party entitled to give notice, it inures to the benefit of the holder and all parties subsequent to the party to whom notice is given.
Section 94. When agent may give notice. - Where the instrument has been dishonored in the hands of an agent, he may either himself give notice to the parties liable thereon, or he may give notice to his principal. If he gives notice to his principal, he must do so within the same time as if he were the holder, and the principal, upon the receipt of such notice, has himself the same time for giving notice as if the agent had been an independent holder.
Section 95. When notice sufficient. - A written notice need not be signed and an insufficient written notice may be supplemented and validated by verbal communication. A misdescription of the instrument does not vitiate the notice unless the party to whom the notice is given is in fact misled thereby.
Section 96. Form of notice. - The notice may be in writing or merely oral and may be given in any terms which sufficiently identify the instrument, and indicate that it has been dishonored by non-acceptance or non-payment. It may in all cases be given by delivering it personally or through the mails.
Section 97. To whom notice may be given. - Notice of dishonor may be given either to the party himself or to his agent in that behalf.
Section 98. Notice where party is dead. - When any party is dead and his death is known to the party giving notice, the notice must be given to a personal representative, if there be one, and if with reasonable diligence, he can be found. If there be no personal representative, notice may be sent to the last residence or last place of business of the deceased.
Section 99. Notice to partners. - Where the parties to be notified are partners, notice to any one partner is notice to the firm, even though there has been a dissolution.
Section 100. Notice to persons jointly liable. - Notice to joint persons who are not partners must be given to each of them unless one of them has authority to receive such notice for the others.
Section 101. Notice to bankrupt. - Where a party has been adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent, or has made an assignment for the benefit of creditors, notice may be given either to the party himself or to his trustee or assignee.
Section 102. Time within which notice must be given. - Notice may be given as soon as the instrument is dishonored and, unless delay is excused as hereinafter provided, must be given within the time fixed by this Act.
Section 103. Where parties reside in same place. - Where the person giving and the person to receive notice reside in the same place, notice must be given within the following times:
(a) If given at the place of business of the person to receive notice, it must be given before the close of business hours on the day following. (b) If given at his residence, it must be given before the usual hours of rest on the day following. (c) If sent by mail, it must be deposited in the post office in time to reach him in usual course on the day following.
Section 104. Where parties reside in different places. - Where the person giving and the person to receive notice reside in different places, the notice must be given within the following times:
(a) If sent by mail, it must be deposited in the post office in time to go by mail the day following the day of dishonor, or if there be no mail at a convenient hour on last day, by the next mail thereafter. (b) If given otherwise than through the post office, then within the time that notice would have been received in due course of mail, if it had been deposited in the post office within the time specified in the last subdivision.
Section 105. When sender deemed to have given due notice. - Where notice of dishonor is duly addressed and deposited in the post office, the sender is deemed to have given due notice, notwithstanding any miscarriage in the mails.
Section 106. Deposit in post office; what constitutes. - Notice is deemed to have been deposited in the post-office when deposited in any branch post office or in any letter box under the control of the post-office department.
Section 107. Notice to subsequent party; time of. - Where a party receives notice of dishonor, he has, after the receipt of such notice, the same time for giving notice to antecedent parties that the holder has after the dishonor.
Section 108. Where notice must be sent. - Where a party has added an address to his signature, notice of dishonor must be sent to that address; but if he has not given such address, then the notice must be sent as follows:
(a) Either to the post-office nearest to his place of residence or to the post-office where he is accustomed to receive his letters; or (b) If he lives in one place and has his place of business in another, notice may be sent to either place; or (c) If he is sojourning in another place, notice may be sent to the place where he is so sojourning.
But where the notice is actually received by the party within the time specified in this Act, it will be sufficient, though not sent in accordance with the requirement of this section.
Section 109. Waiver of notice. - Notice of dishonor may be waived either before the time of giving notice has arrived or after the omission to give due notice, and the waiver may be expressed or implied.
Section 110. Whom affected by waiver. - Where the waiver is embodied in the instrument itself, it is binding upon all parties; but, where it is written above the signature of an indorser, it binds him only.
Section 111. Waiver of protest. - A waiver of protest, whether in the case of a foreign bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument, is deemed to be a waiver not only of a formal protest but also of presentment and notice of dishonor.
Section 112. When notice is dispensed with. - Notice of dishonor is dispensed with when, after the exercise of reasonable diligence, it cannot be given to or does not reach the parties sought to be charged.
Section 113. Delay in giving notice; how excused. - Delay in giving notice of dishonor is excused when the delay is caused by circumstances beyond the control of the holder and not imputable to his default, misconduct, or negligence. When the cause of delay ceases to operate, notice must be given with reasonable diligence.
Section 114. When notice need not be given to drawer. - Notice of dishonor is not required to be given to the drawer in either of the following cases:
(a) Where the drawer and drawee are the same person; (b) When the drawee is fictitious person or a person not having capacity to contract; (c) When the drawer is the person to whom the instrument is presented for payment; (d) Where the drawer has no right to expect or require that the drawee or acceptor will honor the instrument; (e) Where the drawer has countermanded payment.
Section 115. When notice need not be given to indorser. — Notice of dishonor is not required to be given to an indorser in either of the following cases:
(a) When the drawee is a fictitious person or person not having capacity to contract, and the indorser was aware of that fact at the time he indorsed the instrument; (b) Where the indorser is the person to whom the instrument is presented for payment; (c) Where the instrument was made or accepted for his accommodation.
Section 116. Notice of non-payment where acceptance refused. - Where due notice of dishonor by non-acceptance has been given, notice of a subsequent dishonor by non-payment is not necessary unless in the meantime the instrument has been accepted.
Section 117. Effect of omission to give notice of non-acceptance. - An omission to give notice of dishonor by non-acceptance does not prejudice the rights of a holder in due course subsequent to the omission.
Section 118. When protest need not be made; when must be made. - Where any negotiable instrument has been dishonored, it may be protested for non-acceptance or non-payment, as the case may be; but protest is not required except in the case of foreign bills of exchange.